Victorian Era Jekyll and Hyde. The Victorian Period and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: A Time of Change The Victorian period is a time of scientific, economic and social change that took place from 1837 to 1901. Historians, philosophers, and scientists were all beginning to apply the idea of evolution to new areas of study of the human experience. He had a flair for writing since he was a young boy. Robert Louis Stevenson, one of the masters of the Victorian adventure story, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on November 13, 1850. He spent many years in France. ‘The Fortnightly’, another influential 19th-century magazine published his review of ‘Fables in Song’ by Lord Lytton. Cover of Scribner’s original 1886 edition. Barrie, Arthur Conan Doyle and Thomas Hardy, and was lauded by Edith Wharton, and later by Jorge Luis Borges, Graham Greene, and John Buchan who brought Stevenson’s page-turning adventures into the middle of the twentieth century, bridging the gap between the great nineteenth century novel and the shorter, more fragmented forms of modernism. The book was a big hit from the moment of its appearance in January 1887. ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON: VICTORIAN HYPOCRISY AND THE DOUBLE IN LITERATURE THE STRANGE CASE OF DR JEKYLL AND MR HYDE The bohémien embodied his protest against the monotony and vulgarity of bourgeois life, leading an unconventional existence pursuing sensation and excess, and All the other fine things he did were, for curious reasons, remote from the current of his age. Victorian Age (1837-1900) is remarkable for the rapid development of the art, mechanical inventions, and for the human knowledge by the discoveries of the science. Has women’s place in society changed from Elizabethan and Victorian Eras. • It was very popular among the educated middle-classes; it reflected their values. His theme of writing was fiction and travel. During this time, he started ‘The Black Arrow: A Tale of the Two Roses’ which was published in 1888. Queen Victoria ruled the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for more than 63 years. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the Belle Époque era of Continental Europe. He died at the same house. Stevenson lived during the Victorian age. However, Robert Louis Stevenson grew up as a creative child wanting to pursue Arts. Theme and Technique . The Victorian Age, Part Two. But the gothic literature, from Dickens’ Bleak House to Oscar Wilde’s tale of excess and greed, The Portrait of Dorian Gray, explored the tension at the heart of Empire, of the conflict between the beast and the man within. Walter Peter: He was the most significant prose writer of the later Victorian era. THE VICTORIAN AGE The Victorian age took its name from Queen Victoria. The book was a big hit from the moment of its appearance in January 1887. The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria.She was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901 (which put a definite end to her political career). The Stevenson’s were prosperous and Robert was their only child. In 1882, while living in Davos, Switzerland, he was diagnosed with lung haemorrhages when he was working on short stories – Thrawn Janet and The Merry Men. Illustration by Charles Raymond Macauley for the 1904 edition of The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Sharon Aronofsky Weltman's review of Cruising with Robert Louis Stevenson: Travel, Narrative, and the Colonial Body; Victorian Social and Political History: An Overview; Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Victorian views of suicide; Science and Technology. Stevenson evidently was not fond of the late Victorian era’s large market for popular fiction. While the striving middle classes read great literature to their children, education had begun to snake its way through the working classes; the British Empire, with the Scots at its core, paraded itself as a moral and educating force to the world, exporting great industrial achievements in the form of the railway, the telegraph, and the mighty civil engineering projects – the ships, aqueducts and bridges. Because the Victorian Era covers so many years, 1830 - 1900, it is usually broken down into the early Victorian, mid-Victorian, and late Victorian, each of which displays its own characteristics. His works are remembered and still read because of his wonderful portrayal of the sensations of childhood. Victorian novel and Dickens: riassunto. The start of the ‘Treasure Island’ happened as a game with his stepson. He met the American novelist ‘Henry James’ and had him revise ‘A Child’s Garden of Verses’. Robert Lewis/Louis Balfour Stevenson Occupation Novelist Born 13 November 1850, Edinburgh, Scotland Died 3 December 1894, Vailima, Samoan Islands Gender Male Literary period Victorian Genre Victorian … Introduction. Green & co. was the publisher name. Actually, I’m a guitar player too (author of Guitar Chords 1200 4.5 star reviews), so expect some articles on music, guitarists and album covers. Often regarded as a children’s writer, this highlights a significant misunderstanding of the literature of the Victorian period. He returned from his voyage to Sydney at Samoa, where his family was waiting for him. Looking at social class through a Robert Louis Stevenson's novel published in the Victorian era, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde shows how social class has build an strong idea in the way characters act and think. Victorian era, the period between about 1820 and 1914, corresponding roughly to the period of Queen Victoria’s reign (1837–1901) and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to vote, a growing state and economy, and Britain’s status as the most powerful empire in the world. This showed how he was a man of progressive thinking. Below is the detailed biography of Robert Louis Stevenson, a Scottish poet and essayist. He started working on his bestseller ‘Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ and ‘Kidnapped”””””. Even though he suffered from long-term tuberculosis, it wasn’t the cause of his death. If Thackeray is our youth, Stevenson is our boyhood: and though this is not the most artistic thing in him, it is the most important thing in the history of Victorian art. However his mind was saturated by the works of Shakespeare, Sir Walter Scott, John Bunyan, The Arabian Nights and the elaborate, moralising fairy tales of Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen. If Thackeray is our youth, Stevenson is our boyhood: and though this is not the most artistic thing in him, it is the most important thing in the history of Victorian art. R. L. Stevenson: Elements of Imagination in later Victorian age are best exemplified in Essays of Stevenson. Stevenson’s single-minded dislike of authoritarianism provided the background to much of his writing. The Victorian era seems to be a time of many contradictions and secrets from the rest of society. The period of her reign, from 1837 to 1901, became known as the Victorian Age. Robert followed her after a year, which made his family even more furious. (This experience would be echoed only a few decades later by H.P. His time in England is also considered very fruitful. Letteratura inglese — I romanzi dell'età vittoriana e le opere di Charles Dickens . A great deal of change took place during this period--brought about because of the Industrial Revolution; so it's not surprising that the literature of the period is often concerned with social reform. Robert grew up as an unhealthy child which made his schooling difficult. Moral views of people living around this time have changed imensely to the present. Overview: Victorian Britain, 1837 - 1901. The plot of the story revolves around Dr. Jekyll’s mysterious medical potion that separates the two identities of human being through creating his evil double, Mr. Hyde. The Victorian Double: Victorian Litterature. Select this result to view Dric L Stevenson… Stevenson has been much criticised for his taste for the fantastic. @jakejackson451, Robert Louis Stevenson: Master of Victorian Gothic, Born to respectable parents at the height of the British Empire, Stevenson’s ill health led him to spend much of his time reading, or being read to, frequently unable to join his peers at school. His early instincts for storytelling were clear, in spite of the best attempts of his family who expected him to pursue a career in science. He frequently passed his summer vacations in France with his friends, who were mainly bohemians and artists. In The Age of Improvement, 1783–1867 (1959)—the title itself arguing a pronounced feature of the Victorian period—Asa Briggs identifies four main elements of Victorianism: “the gospel of work, ‘seriousness’ of character, respectability and self-help” (p. 450). Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) is a late-Victorian variation on ideas first raised in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818). Stevenson uses Mr. Hyde to show that Victorian people and society are imperfect and have dualities that Victorian values deny, ultimately leading to the destruction of the repressed person or society. He is best known for his ‘Treasure Island’ in 1881. During his time in the sea, he wrote ‘In the South Seas’ that was published in 1896 and ‘A Footnote to History’ that was published in the same year of 1892. The flourishing England ruled by Queen Victoria was the main setting for this significant slice of human history. Although a monumental letter writer and poet (A Child’s Garden of Verses in 1885), he is best known for his series of successful novels and short stories, Treasure Island (1883), Kidnapped (1886), Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886), and The Master of Ballantrae (1889). Stevenson is an English language patronymic surname meaning "son of Steven". Born to respectable parents at the height of the British Empire, Stevenson’s ill health led him to spend much of his time reading, or being read to, frequently unable to join his peers at school. This drew him more attention and he was known to be more of a writer and less of an engineer. They often borrowed books from “circulating libraries”. 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This text appears as the Life and Works biography in the Flame Tree Publishing 2015 edition of The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde. Longmans. Robert Louis Stevenson died on the 3rd of December 1894 at the young age of 44. There are variant spellings of the name, including Stephenson. During this period, the novel made rapid progress. Lovecraft: From Weird to Modern Gothic, Clark Ashton Smith: Master of Gothic, Pulp and SF classics, Guitar Chords: Easy-to-Use, Easy-to-Carry, One Chord on Every Page, Piano & Keyboard Chords: Easy-to-Use, Easy-to-Carry, One Chord on Every Page, Beginner's Guide to Reading Music: Easy to Use, Easy to Learn; A Simple Introduction for All Ages. His parents were Thomas Stevenson and Margaret Isabella Stevenson. The Victorian era is famous for its double standards and stringency which is exactly the subject matter of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. SF & Fantasy | Fiction, Art, Movies, Music & More. They moved to Bournemouth in the South County of England but the climate did not suit Robert Louis Stevenson. A doctor by day, he was someone who could be understood by all of his readers, someone they, and we still, could all meet. Robert Louis Stevenson (b. During this time, the Londonians witnessed how the quiet streets became crowded … The Victorian era seems to be a time of many contradictions and secrets from the rest of society. His short novels, his racy plots, his emphasis on storytelling rather than the reflection of a supposed real life was out of step with the elite literary mood of the late Victorian, and early twentieth century. Pam Lock, University of Bristol. Later, in Scotland, he started developing it as a book. The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria.She was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901 (which put a definite end to her political career). Volume XIV. The period was marked by freedom from wars and internal strife. But it was also the era of Jack the Ripper, of Bram Stoker’s Dracula, springing from the unearthly flesh of Frankenstein, the era of accelerated scientific progress, as the trading prowess of the Victorian Era brought new ideas from around the world, in art, religion, science and philosophy, so that the question of an individual’s place in the headlong charge of advancement lay suppressed, and unexamined. It was an age of great contrasts because, on one hand it was a time of progress and social reforms, on the other hand a time of social injustices, poverty and hypocrisy. Stevenson, son of a celebrated civil engineer, seemed naturally attuned to, and repulsed by, this contrast. - The mid Victorian novel was linked to the persistence of romantic and gothic tradition, and to psychological vein for example Bronte sister and Stevenson. Stevenson’s monster, however, is not artificially created from stitched-together body parts, but rather emerges fully formed from the dark side of the human personality. At the age of twenty-five, Stevenson passed the bar, but he knew he was not a lawyer at heart and never practiced. Mainstream Victorian culture saw art and literature as a means of self ... Carpenter was a socialist poet and a gay activist. Dr.Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a renowned work of Robert Louis Stevenson from the Victorian era. Initially he consented to the study of engineering at the University of Edinbugh from 1867, but soon found the pull of literature to be too seductive. The growth of cities, a ready domestic market and … VICTORIAN VALUES The Victorians were great moralisers. Moral views of people living around this time have changed imensely to the present. The Victorian Age is also known for the intense production of novels, however, in this case, Stevenson seemed to follow the other way around and surprise his public with a Gothic novella instead. Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (1850–94) was born in a dank and cold Edinburgh, but travelled greatly in search of less brutal weather, finally to pass away in the temperate climes of Samoa. A great deal of change took place during this period--brought about because of the Industrial Revolution; so it's not surprising that the literature of the period is often concerned with social reform. Please enter your email address to receive occasional notifications. Important in that era In his book, Stevenson shows the hypocrisy of Victorian society by using duality.The book gives a description of the split ‘outward respectability and inward lust’. The collection was called ‘Virginibus Puerisque’ and was published in 1881. The Victorian Era represents both spectrum of extremes: one side a sense of hope and optimism and the other a sense of fear and doom. The plot of the story revolves around Dr. Jekyll’s mysterious medical potion that separates the two identities of human being through creating his evil double, Mr. Hyde. He was called to the bar in 1875, although never practised. In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. Mary Shelley’s masterpiece Frankenstein had raised questions about superficiality, the role of humankind in creating the world around it, of responsibility and desire, but in Stevenson’s Jekyll was an everyday protagonist. The grand streets above sought to flatten the landscape for their carriages and parties, with the great bridges of the industrial revolution, the pride of Scottish engineering. It’s worth remembering that Edinburgh, the city of Stevenson’s birth, exemplified these twin forces: the ambitious, striving energies of empire, underneath which lurked the secret city of despair and criminality, with its dark corridors and passages, hidden worlds beneath the bridges, the undulating streets with rooms carved into arches that reeked of poverty and disease. Other posts of interest in These Fantastic Worlds include: Articles on science, myth, art, movies, fiction and everything dark, SF and fantastic, from Philip K. Dick to William Blake, Celtic myth, Movie Top 10s to concepts of time and space. Many families came from the countryside to the industrial towns. He lived in the county of Davos where he owned a small ‘Chalet’ or a ‘Shack’. The lifelong tension with his father provided much for Stevenson to explore in his writing, extending beyond the natural rebellion of youth, to deeper examinations of the conflict between the past and the present, and the superficiality of society undermined by the inherent ugliness of humankind. As was the tradition in the Victorian era Stevenson’s early work was initially serialized in magazines (as, of course, was that of Dickens, H.G. While Stevenson's marginalia cannot be precisely dated, the handwriting alongside Wordsworth's poetry ranges from the large sloped script of his early years (1870--1874) to the smaller, more rounded and upright letters he used in the final period of his life (1890–1894). He studied, observed an imitated many famous writers of his time in prose as well as poetry. In 1876, Stevenson fell in love with Fanny Osbourne, an American lady who was a widow that had a son. - The early Victorian novel whose main representative was Charles Dickens dealt with social themes and expressed the ideals of the age. Dr.Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a renowned work of Robert Louis Stevenson from the Victorian era. The characters used in the novella are an example of what Stevenson thought of London in Victorian times. Eventually, he married her in early 1880’s in San Francisco, United States. He kept falling ill, however, he had great willpower. Another origin of the name is as a toponymic surname related to the place Stevenstone in Devon, England. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde considered gothic novel set in the Victorian Era by Robert Louis Stevenson, who can be seen as ‘the last Victorian or the first Modernist’ author.Fusing an exploitive classism of Victorian age and the growing futile atmosphere of Modernism, Stevenson captures and exposes the lies of an oppressive and repressive society. The Victorian era is famous for its double standards and stringency which is exactly the subject matter of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. § 23. English literature - English literature - The post-Romantic and Victorian eras: Self-consciousness was the quality that John Stuart Mill identified, in 1838, as “the daemon of the men of genius of our time.” Introspection was inevitable in the literature of an immediately Post-Romantic period, and the age itself was as prone to self-analysis as were its individual authors. Robert Louis Stevenson was travelling most of his time. The novels have a stress on realism and an attempt to describe the daily struggles of ordinary men that the middle class reader could associate with The Victorian Age was an age of contrasts and social imbalance (progress and reforms vs poverty and social injustice). His parents were horrified at the prospect of their son relying on the unstable, and distasteful, pursuit of writing as career, so collectively they managed a compromise: Stevenson would study law instead. by Jenni Calder (1981) These essays had an encouraging tone and were liked by all readers. Dric is related to Heather Stevenson and Keri Elizabeth Stevenson as well as 2 additional people. Towards the end, along with his family, he spent most of his time in the Southern Seas. Andrew Noble, Robert Louis Stevenson (1983) Robert Kielty, Robert Louis Stevenson and the Fiction of Adventure (1965) Stevenson and Victorian Scotland , ed. Theme and Technique . In 1884, he, along with his family moved back to Britain because of the epidemic that broke out in the South of France. 7 – 19 October 1880: RLS, his wife and Lloyd stayed in the Grosvenor Hotel, Victoria Station (RLS also visited the Savile Club), before travelling on to Davos (via Paris and Troyes) for their first winter there. On the day of his death, he was working on ‘The Beach of Falesá’ which remained unfinished. He was diagnosed with tuberculosis in his youth and the disease remained with him until the end. Longmans. His parents highly opposed the idea of him involving in a relationship with a married woman because of which she moved to California in 1878. The Victorian era was the age of progress, stability and great social reforms but in the same time was characterised by poverty, injustice and social unrest (tensioni sociali).. VICTORIAN VALUES. He became a celebrated, successful writer and finished his years in the Islands of Samoa, his life extinguished by a heart attack, at the relatively young age of 46. As with many late Victorian writers, from Arthur Machen to Oscar Wilde, the mood of hedonism and liberalism – the mode of the literate avant garde – had become attractive to those exposed to the diverse ideas of others. Robert Louis Stevenson died on the 3rd of December 1894 at the young age of 44. It was first published in 1866. Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) is a late-Victorian variation on ideas first raised in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818). The Victorian Novel • The Novel had a big success in the Victorian Age because it reflected the great social changes of this period. At the age of 17, he entered Edinburgh University and was expected to study engineering like his father. ... Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer. In common with many artists, writers and musicians of the era Stevenson’s behaviour and interests were thought to be dangerously Bohemian, and in his case led to a scandalous outcome: he fell in love with Fanny Van De Grift Osbourne. He was appreciated by many critics, Graham Balfour being one of them. BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD: The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907–21). In 1885, after finishing Treasure Island, he started ‘Prince Otto’. These are undoubtedly good examples of what was characteristic of the age. They promoted a code of values based on personal duty, hard work, respectability and charity. Sharon Aronofsky Weltman's review of Cruising with Robert Louis Stevenson: Travel, Narrative, and the Colonial Body; Victorian Social and Political History: An Overview; Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Victorian views of suicide; Science and Technology. He moved to France in 1883, he wrote ‘A Child’s Garden of Verses’ in the southern county of France whilst suffering from illnesses. Stevenson soon rebelled against this plan and reached a compromise with his father by pursuing legal studies. During these times, he wrote ‘An Inland Voyage’ in 1878 and ‘Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes’ in the year 1879. The sail began from San Francisco and went on and on for about a year up to Samoa, an island in the South Pacific. The work can also be seen as a Victorian morality story of unleashed sexual depravity or as an allegory for the double life of the Victorian homosexual. Stevenson reveals the beast within, insinuating the fear of the civilized man, that the inner neanderthal might rise and overcome this new found sophistication, and drag down the advancement of science and nationhood. Stevenson’s monster, however, is not artificially created from stitched-together body parts, but rather emerges fully formed from the dark side of the human personality. It was a complicated book and was less famous as compared to Treasure Island which was an adventurous tale filled with emotions of all kinds. The novel as a genre rose to entertain the rising middle class and to depict the contemporary life in a changing society. People had no normal houses and no water . Above all the Victorian age was an age of fiction. In the towns, people lived in slums. Stevenson was preoccupied with duality, the twin forces that wrestle for the mind and fortune of humankind, as he said in his posthumously published letter to his cousin Bob Stevenson: ‘the prim, obliterated polite face of life, and the broad, bawdy and orgiastic’. His grandfather was Professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh University, his father a civil engineer of over 40 prestigious lighthouses, so there were great expectations for the young Stevenson. Lovecraft.). However, determined to follow his own path in life, eventually he travelled, at great cost to his health, to San Francisco, in 1880 and shortly after, married the then divorced Fanny Osbourne. The Victorian period spanned the reign of Queen Victoria, from 1837 to 1901. Stevenson’s poor health released him to think, create and write in a way that might otherwise have been denied. During the Victorian era, Britain could claim to be the world's superpower, despite social inequality at home and burgeoning industrial rivals overseas. The Victorian Age Robert Louis Stevenson Raffaele Nardella http://www.britannica.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/image-1.jpeg This period saw the spread of the novel, thanks to the improvements in printing and distribution of books. During the Victorian era, the importance of being highly regarded by one’s peers stemmed from attitudes associated with the word “respectable.” In its narrative of a respectable doctor who transforms himself into a savage murderer, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tapped directly into the anxieties of Stevenson’s age. His grandfather was Professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh University, his father a civil engineer of over 40 prestigious lighthouses, so there were great expectations for the young Stevenson. Characteristics of Victorian Literature. Victorian society was based on a set of moral values that could only be fulfilled by the middle and upper classes: hard work, respectability, good manners and education, patriarchal family, female chastity, repression of sexuality. He died of the cerebral haemorrhage, that he developed at the later stage. Five novels from the Victorian era to give comfort in troubled times March 30, 2020 1.13pm EDT. In his time, he was a popular author and associated with many of the most notable writers of the late Victorian period, although the elitism of some contemporary literary critics sought to bury him with the Romantics until his reputation was rescued in the twentieth century, as a skillful storyteller of the gothic and fantastic. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde considered gothic novel set in the Victorian Era by Robert Louis Stevenson, who can be seen as ‘the last Victorian or the first Modernist’ author.Fusing an exploitive classism of Victorian age and the growing futile atmosphere of Modernism, Stevenson captures and exposes the lies of an oppressive and repressive society. The best result we found for your search is Dric L Stevenson age 60s in Victoria, TX. In the towns was work for everyone because the Industrial Revolution had started. The Victorian Age is remarked by social and economic changes. The living conditions in the slums were very sad. Victorian Period. Victorian literature is literature written in England during the reign of Queen Victoria, or roughly from 1837 -1901. They are perceptive and informative. Many readers were women. English literature - English literature - Late Victorian literature: “The modern spirit,” Matthew Arnold observed in 1865, “is now awake.” In 1859 Charles Darwin had published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. The Victorian Age is also known for the intense production of novels, however, in this case, Stevenson seemed to follow the other way around and surprise his public with a Gothic novella instead. At about age 18, he changed the spelling of "Lewis" to "Louis", and he dropped "Balfour" in 1873. Even Kidnapped uncoils alternative, dark futures for us, if we fall unexpectedly from our comfortable lives, into a grim world that runs in parallel to our own.